微波设备在化工行业中的应用 Application of microwave equipment in chemical industry

 一、 微波的特性：

    1、直线性：与可见光相似直线传播。

    2、反射性：遇到导体如金属物体就反射，象镜子反射光波一样，金属不吸收微波。

    3、吸收性：易被极性分子（介质体如水）吸收而转变成热能。

    4、穿透性：微波不会被非极性分子（绝缘体如陶瓷、聚丙烯等）吸收，不会发热但可以穿透这些物体。

    二、微波在化工行业的应用：

    1、微波在化工业的研究是一门新兴的前沿交叉学科。微波在化工产品中的应用，不仅能大大节省能源，且可将一些产品的几道工序在微波设备中一次完成。许多有机化合物不能直接明显地吸收微波，但可利用某种强烈吸收微波的“敏化剂”把微波能传给这些物质而诱发化学反应，微波通过催化剂或其载体发挥诱导作用，即消耗掉的微波能用在诱导催化反应的发生上，此称为微波诱导催化反应。微波马弗炉里可用熔融和灰化样品，并在样品容器周围放一些具有很高吸收微波的tgsin材料(常用sic)，这些材料可100%的吸收微波，从而在很短的时间内将温度升高（2min内可达到1000℃的高温）；与普通马弗炉相比，用微波马弗炉的熔融和灰化升温更快，而且耗能较少，使用才在放入和取出样品时还可避免热辐射。

    2、微波化工设备主要应用对象有：玻璃纤维、化工原料、淀粉草酸钴、纤维素（如羟乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素等）、甘露醇、氢氧化镍、钴酸锂、石墨、炭刷、碳化硅、二水氯化钙、活性碳、氧氯化锆、氧化锆、氢氧化锆、碳酸锆、正硫酸锆、碳酸锆铵、硅酸锆、碳酸锆钾、油性油墨催干剂、水性油墨交联抗水剂、可膨胀石墨、各种陶瓷氧化锆、纳米氧化铁、正温度系数（PTC）热敏材料陶瓷元器件及蜂窝式PTC元器件等。

    三、微波的优点：

    微波加热与传统的加热方法相比有很大的区别，传统加热方法是依靠热源，通过辐射、传导、对流等途径，首先使物体的表面加热，然后经热传导，使内部的温度由表及里逐步升高。大多数物体内的热量传递速度很慢，如橡胶材料，因此达到物体整体加热需很长时间。同时容易造成物体加热的不均匀性，影响加热物体的质量，甚至改变加热物体的色泽、营养成分和物化性能，而微波加热具有独特的加热方式-物料整体加热，因此微波加热具有以下优点：

    1、穿透性加热，加热速度快，均匀加热。其穿透的距离，在理论上与电磁波波长同数量级。因此宏观上表现为加热速度快，均匀性好，物体色泽，成份保持不变。微波加热是使用使被加热物体本身成为发热物体，称之为整体加热方式，不需要热传导的过程，因此能在短时间内达到均匀加热。微波加热时物体各部位不论形状如何，通常都能均匀渗透电磁波，以产生热量，因此介质材料加热的无效性大大改善。微波加热与高频加热相比较不需在设计适合物形状的电极，所发不论何种开头的物体都能做到均匀加热，这一点对提高产品质量很有利。

    2、选择性加热，节能高效。微波对不同介质特性的物料有不同的作用，这一点对干燥加工特性很有利，因为水分子对微波的吸收效果最好，所以含水量最高的部位吸收微波功率最多，只对能吸收微波能的物体直接加热，对炉体、炉腔内空气几乎不加热，且微波加热时，被加热物料一般都是放在用金属制造的加热容器内，加热室对电波来说是个封闭的空腔，微波不能外泄，只能被加热物体吸收，加热室内的空气与相应的容器都不会发热，所以热效率极高，因此既高效、节能又改善工作环境。

    3、无热惯性，即具备即时性。因此能保证加工物料高品质。

    4、操作方便，宜于控制。微波加热可瞬间达到升降、开停的目的，热惯性极小，应用PLC加触摸控制屏，特别适宜于加热过程和加热工艺的规范和自动化控制。

    5、环保、清洁卫生。设备加热箱采用金属不锈钢制作，可采用水清洗，出料配有全密封料斗及粉尘回收装置，更无“三废”产生。

    6、安全无害。微波能是在金属制造的封闭加热容器和波导管中工作，能量的泄漏极小；我公司的微波设备采用先进的设计、精良的加工，使进出料口、观察窗、炉门等处的微波泄漏大大优于国家标准。以上几个方面越能公司都具备。希望您来电咨询，

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Microwave features:

    1, line: similar to visible light in straight lines.

    2, reflexive: experienced conductors such as metal objects reflection, mirrors reflected light waves, like metal does not absorb microwaves.

    3, absorbent: Polar molecules (medium such as water) absorbed and converted into heat.

    4, penetration: the microwave will not be non-polar molecules (insulators such as ceramics, such as polypropylene) absorption, no fever but can penetrate the body.

    Second, the application of microwave in chemical industry: 1, microwave at the forefront of chemical industry in research is an emerging cross-discipline. Application of microwave in chemical products, not only to significant energy savings, and some products can be in several processes in microwave equipment at once. Many organic compounds are not immediately obvious to absorb microwaves, but could use some strong microwave absorption of "sensitizers" to these substances in chemical reactions induced by microwave energy, microwave through the catalyst or induced by their carrier, that is consumed by microwave-induced catalytic reaction on, this is called a microwave-induced catalytic reaction.

    Microwave muffle furnace in available melting and ash of samples, and in samples container around placed some has is high absorption microwave of tgsin material (common sic), these material can 100% of absorption microwave, to in is short of time within will temperature rise (2min within can reached 1000 ℃ of high temperature); and General muffle furnace compared to, with microwave muffle furnace of melting and ash of warming faster, and energy less, using only in into and removed samples Shi also can avoid hot radiation. 2, and microwave chemical equipment main application object has: glass fiber, and chemical raw materials, and starch oxalic acid cobalt, and cellulose (as hydroxyl b base cellulose, and carboxy methyl cellulose,), and dew alcohol, and hydrogen oxidation nickel, and cobalt acid lithium, and graphite, and carbon brush, and silicon carbide, and II water calcium chloride, and activity carbon, and oxygen chloride zirconium, and oxidation zirconium, and hydrogen oxidation zirconium, and carbonated zirconium, and are sulfuric acid zirconium, and carbonated zirconium ammonium, and silicate zirconium, and carbonated zirconium potassium, and oily ink driers, and waterborne ink cross Alliance anti-agent, and can expansion graphite, and various ceramic oxidation zirconium, and nano iron oxide, and

Positive temperature coefficient (PTC) for heat-sensitive materials and honeycomb type PTC components such as ceramic components.

Third, the advantages of microwave: Microwave heating and there is a big difference compared to traditional methods of heating, traditional heating methods were relying on the heat source, through means such as radiation, conduction, convection, first take the heated objects on the surface, and then by the heat, the internal temperature is that Professor PN expounds gradually increased. Most of the objects in the heat transfer is slow, such as rubber materials, bringing the overall heating objects needed for a long time.

    While likely to cause uneven heating of objects, affected the quality of heating objects, even heating object's color, nutrients and physical-chemical properties and microwave heating heating mode-item with a unique overall heating, microwave heating has the following advantages: 1, penetrating heat, heats up fast, even heating. The penetration distance, in theory, and the wavelength of electromagnetic waves with orders of magnitude. Overall performance for faster heating, good uniformity, color of objects, components remain the same. Microwave heating is used so that the heated object itself becomes heated objects, called the overall heating method, do not need the heat transfer processes, it can achieve a uniform heating within a short period of time. Microwave Heating each part of object no matter what the shape, usually homogeneous electromagnetic wave penetration in order to produce heat, therefore invalid material heating greatly improved.

    Compared with high-frequency heating by microwave heating does not need to design suitable for shaped electrode, regardless of the uniform heating of objects can be at the beginning, which is to improve product quality leaves much to be desired. 2, selective heating, energy saving and high efficiency. Microwave on different media characteristics of material has different of role, this is on drying processing characteristics is favourable, because water molecular on microwave of absorption effect best, so moisture Supreme of parts absorption microwave power up, only on can absorption microwave can of objects directly heating, on furnace body, and furnace cavity within air almost does not heating, and microwave heating Shi, is heating material General are is placed in with metal manufacturing of heating container within, Heating Chamber for radio is a closed cavity, microwave does not leak, can only be absorbed by heated objects, heating the air in the room and the appropriate container is not heating, thermal efficiency is high, so both high efficiency, saving energy and improving the working environment. 3, no thermal inertia, that immediacy.

    Therefore guarantee high material quality. 4, easy operation, suitable control.

    Microwave heating can be instantly achieve the purpose of landing and taking off on/off, minimal thermal inertia, application of PLC and touch-control screen, particularly suitable for heating and regulation and automatic control of the heating process. 5, environmental protection, public sanitation and health.

    Equipment heating box using metal stainless steel production, using water to clean, leaves the material recovery device equipped with a hermetically sealed hopper and dust, no "three wastes". 6, safe and harmless. Microwave energy is produced in metal heated container and waveguides, energy leakage is minimal; I microwave equipment using advanced design, sophisticated processing, material into and out of mouth, observation Windows, oven door microwave leakage significantly better than the national standard. More than several more companies have.

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